Lakkundi - Land of Temples and Stepwells

On this day next week, I will be on a train headed to Gadag. The objective is to visit the Lakkundi group of temples over the next 2 days. I learned about Lakkundi only very recently. Preparatory to my exploration, I have done some homework,  browsing the Internet. This is a quick summary for the history and the architecture buffs. 

The Lakkundi group of temples, located in the Gadag district of Karnataka, India, is a significant historical and architectural site dating back to the 11th-12th centuries during the rule of the Western Chalukyas. Lakkundi, once a prosperous city, is known for its exquisite temples, step-wells, and inscriptions.

History

Lakkundi was an important cultural and educational centre during the Chalukya and Hoysala periods, with over 100 temples and several Jain and Hindu shrines. The site’s prominence is reflected in its well-preserved inscriptions that provide insights into the socio-economic and religious life of the time.

Architecture

Lakkundi temples are renowned for their detailed and refined architectural style, characterised by intricate carvings, finely sculpted pillars, and elaborately decorated shikaras (towers). The architecture shows a blend of Dravidian and Nagara styles, with prominent temples like the Kasivisvesvara Temple being exemplary of the Kalyani Chalukyan style. This temple is known for its symmetrical design, unique stepped wells (kalyani), and beautifully carved doorways, ceilings, and pillars.

The craftsmanship at Lakkundi reflects the high level of skill in stonework and ornamental detailing, often featuring finely carved deities, floral motifs, and scenes from Hindu mythology. These temples stand out for their precision, elegance, and intricate design, making Lakkundi a significant heritage site in Indian temple architecture.

Temples

Some of the most notable temples to see are:

1. Kashivishveshwara Temple: This is the most prominent temple in Lakkundi, dedicated to Lord Shiva. It exemplifies the Western Chalukyan style with its intricate carvings, symmetrical layout, and finely sculpted pillars. The temple is notable for its twin shrines (dvikuta) and the richly carved doorway that features detailed depictions of Hindu deities.

2. Brahma Jinalaya: One of the largest Jain temples in Lakkundi, this temple is dedicated to the Jain Tirthankara Mahavira. Built by Queen Attimabbe, it showcases a mix of Dravidian and Nagara architectural styles with highly ornate pillars, mandapas (halls), and a unique stepped tower.

3. Nanneshwara Temple: Located near the Kashivishveshwara Temple, this smaller shrine is often seen as a prototype or precursor to its grander neighbour. The Nanneshwara Temple features intricate carvings and an elegant shikhara (tower), representing the simpler yet refined Chalukyan style.

4. Manikeshwara Temple: Known for its beautiful architecture and a well-preserved step-well nearby, this temple is another fine example of the craftsmanship of the period. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and features ornate doorways and a Nandi (bull) pavilion.

5. Mallikarjuna Temple: This temple is smaller but stands out due to its decorative sculptures and carvings on walls, ceilings, and pillars, depicting scenes from Hindu mythology.

6. Muskin Bhanvi: Although not a temple, this step-well (bhanvi) is a significant structure in Lakkundi, showcasing the advanced water management and architectural skills of the time. It features beautifully carved walls and serves as an important example of the ancillary structures that complement the temple complexes.

These temples reflect the diverse religious practices and advanced architectural techniques of the time, making Lakkundi a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts.